Parenting styles (PS) are the type of approach and strategies used by primary caregivers to interact with their children. It is known that these styles can have a significant influence on children's psychological, emotional and social development, and can also be reflected in their adult lives. Parenting styles can be divided into four main groups:
No texto de hoje, apresentarei os estilos parentais considerando como base a estrutura proposta por Diana Baumrind, Maccobi & Martin. Os estilos parentais podem ser divididos em quatro grupos principais, que são:
- Authoritative in this style, parents are warm, affectionate and attentive to their children's needs and responsive to their opinions. Freedom, independence, individuality and autonomy are encouraged. Rules and expectations are reasonable and explanations are provided to justify these rules.
Children raised by authoritative parents tend to be more confident, independent, socially skilled and perform well at school.
In adulthood, they generally have good self-esteem, a sense of worth and adequate emotional regulation;
- Authoritarian – como o próprio nome já sugere, authoritarian parents act in a strict and demanding way. They have very high expectations and impose many rules, leaving almost no room for spontaneity and flexibility. In addition, they use punishment as a way of controlling their children, generating a lot of fear, anger and social withdrawal.
As crianças criadas por pais autoritários podem apresentar baixa autoestima, menor autoconfiança, dificuldades de tomar decisões e de criar laços de proximidade e de confiança. Quando tornam-se adultos, apresentam um maior risco de desenvolver depressão, ansiedade.
- Negligent negligent parents offer little or no emotional support, guidance and supervision to their children. They are generally uninterested, concerned only with the practical aspects of everyday life without considering their children's needs and emotional well-being. sem contemplar as necessidades e o bem-estar emocional dos filhos.
As crianças criadas por pais negligentes podem apresentar baixa auto-estima e dificuldade de regulação emocional. Na vida adulta, frequentemente tem dificuldade em construir relacionamentos saudáveis e de acreditar nas pessoas e uso abusivo de substâncias;
- Permissive permissive caregivers are permissive and indulgent, usually avoiding setting limits and establishing rules. They are excessively responsive to their children's needs and desires and not infrequently allow their children to make their own decisions without guiding and supervising them.
Children raised by permissive parents tend to be more impulsive and have difficulty with self-discipline and rules. In adulthood, relationships with authority figures can be challenging, as can respecting limits.
Be aware that the parenting styles are not fixed or absolute and unquestionable truths. Most primary caregivers display a combination of styles in different intensities. In addition, we must consider parental values and beliefs and the child's temperament when thinking about parenting styles.
What about you? Have you ever stopped to think about how your experience with parenting styles was/is? Which of these styles fit best with your story? If you're already a mother, father, stepmother, stepfather... How do you see yourself? Authoritative? Authoritarian? Permissive or negligent? If you see yourself as a mix of styles, which ones?
If you've made it this far please let me know what you thought of this text and how it sounded to you.
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